Three pumpkins with different faces, representing 3 ways to categorize using the MECE principle
iStock/CatLane

Critical Thinking: Problem-Solving

Problem-solving is a central business skill, and yet it's the one many people struggle with most. This course will show you how to apply critical thinking techniques to common business examples, avoid misunderstandings, and get at the root of any problem.

Logic Tree

Logical thinking is the most valuable asset any business professional can have. That's why logic trees are such a valuable tool—they can help you identify a problem, break it down, and build it back up to a solution.

MECE Principle

Using the MECE principle can help ensure you categorize without gaps or overlaps. Check out this course from GLOBIS Unlimited for a practical demonstration of how it works!

Marie Kondo, the queen of organizing and downsizing, has famously said, “The best way to find out what you really need is to get rid of what you don’t.” In Kondo’s case, this often means discarding things you don’t use—all those old shirts, children’s toys, and books you’ll never read (or read again). But in business, categorizing focuses less on the “don’t need” and more on the “really need.”

Accurately categorizing data, particularly in today’s data-driven world, can make or break your business. Are you keeping up with competitors? Over-spending on inventory? Targeting the wrong customers? Data can tell you all of this—but only if you know how to apply critical thinking to interpret it correctly.

That’s where the MECE principle comes in.

MECE Principle

Using the MECE principle can help ensure you categorize without gaps or overlaps. Check out this course from GLOBIS Unlimited for a practical demonstration of how it works!

The best way to find out what you really need is to get rid of what you don’t.

Marie Kondo

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What is the MECE principle?

MECE (pronounced “mee-see”) stands for mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive. In laymen’s terms, the MECE framework helps you create categories have no gaps or duplicates—all shirts, toys, books, inventory items, customers, etc. are counted. And they’re only counted once.

If you’re not using MECE segmentation for your data, you’ll find it’s easy to overlook or count something twice. That sounds simple enough, but avoiding those gaps and duplicates is often easier said than done.

There are three common approaches to MECE data segmentation:

  • Classifications
  • Formulas
  • Processes
Infographic explaining the MECE principle. Mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive
The MECE principle makes data organization easy. | ©GLOBIS Insights

MECE Method 1: Classify

The first possible approach to the MECE principle is classification. Think about how data is usually categorized in your company, field, or industry.

For example, if you’re a produce seller, you might one day find yourself wondering why pumpkin sales are down. To find the answer, you could look for patterns in age groups of pumpkin lovers (elderly French chefs?), seasonal peaks and valleys (did Halloween just pass?), or distribution channels (is a competitor courting your big supermarket partner?).

These classifications—age, seasons, distribution channels—each offer a different perspective and break down sales without any gaps or overlaps. Pair your conclusions with with a logic tree, and you might just find your answer.

Logic Tree

Logical thinking is the most valuable asset any business professional can have. That's why logic trees are such a valuable tool—they can help you identify a problem, break it down, and build it back up to a solution.

MECE Method 2: Use Formulas

For the second grouping option, look to formulas. Now, if you’re groaning over the need to use math (algebra, actually), there are two points of good news here.

  1. There are several easy formulas to choose from that you probably know already (like the very simple “price x quantity = sales”).
  2. It’ll be worth it—most business formulas will give you a fundamentally MECE answer.

So thinking back to low pumpkin sales, you could multiply the amount spent per customer by the number of customers—that’s your sales. Once you’ve got that number, compare your data with last year and ask yourself some questions: Are customers buying fewer pumpkins overall since last year? Are there fewer customers? Or perhaps both?

MECE Method 3: Process the Process

A third use of the MECE principle starts with putting yourself in the customer’s shoes.

Imagine the customer journey of a pumpkin buyer. What makes someone decide to buy a pumpkin? Perhaps that ad you posted on social media attracted some people. How many users saw your Twitter posts about fresh pumpkins? Of those, how many clicked the link to go to your website or find your location? How many then actually came to the pumpkin patch? How many made it all the way to the register?

Each step in this process is separate—like math, naturally mutually exclusive. And if you cover every step in the customer journey, the steps also become collectively exhaustive.

The Value and Pitfalls of the MECE Principle

The MECE principle helps with more than categorizing to solve problems. Depending on the path you take, you might also discover things about your customers. Do people really go to Twitter to buy pumpkins? Maybe consider another marketing channel.

If you still find yourself guessing, the MECE principle can also be used with other critical thinking frameworks, such as logic trees (also called issue trees) or the Pyramid Principle, for more systematic analysis.

Critical Thinking: Problem-Solving

Problem-solving is a central business skill, and yet it's the one many people struggle with most. This course will show you how to apply critical thinking techniques to common business examples, avoid misunderstandings, and get at the root of any problem.

Bear in mind, however, that the MECE approach isn’t fool proof. Categorize too specifically, and the resulting data may prove useless. Categorize too little, and you’ll be no better off than when you had a lump of raw data. Complex problems don’t always have simple solutions.

But for the most part, the MECE principle is helpful when analyzing data, sharing findings or proposals, and making important decisions. You can use it to help find out what you really need—and what you don’t.

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